ABSTRACT
Abstract The minimal residual disease (MRD) is the origin element that caused the relapse and drug resistance of hematological malignancies, the immune cells play a great role to clear MRD. A variety of immune cells have anti-tumor effects. However, tumor cells antagonize anti-tumor effects by reprogramming of constituents associated with tumor environment. Many different cell types, including immune cells, mesenchymal cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment release exosomes. The latest researches indicate that "cargo" and surface ligands carried by exosomes secreted by hematological malignant cells not only can affect the function of natural killer cell (migration, activation, proliferation, secretion and NKG2D expression), macrophage (migration and secretion) and dendritic cell (maturation and presentation), but also regulate the expression of PD-L1 and CCR2, CCL2 secretion and transformation of monocytes. The altered function of immune cells will eventually have effect on the progression of hematological malignancies.
ABSTRACT
Under the traditional processing theory "wine processing could promote the efficacy", Rhubarb after wine processing could treat the upper energizer diseases such as red swelling, and breath sores. Processing changes the medicinal properties of rhubarb, and thus results in different focuses in clinical application. In this study, a sensitive and specific method was developed for the determination of aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin in rats tissue. Rhubarb raw materials and its wine processed decoction were given to SD rats respectively by gavage administration, and then the contents of aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin in the tissues (heart, lung, brain, liver, kidney) were determined by HPLC-MS to explore the effect of wine processing on free anthraquinones in rat tissues. Experimental results showed that wine processing can significantly change the distribution of aloe emodin, rhein and emodin in rats in vivo, and the distribution of these components was increased in heart and lung tissues.There was no significant change of distribution in the liver and the kidney as compared with raw product group, and these three ingredients were not detected in the brain, indicating that aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin can not pass through the blood brain barrier.Therefore, wine processing had greater effect on distribution of free anthraquinones in rat tissues.This also verified the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, providing experimental basis for rhubarb processing mechanism.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlations between electrogastrogram (EGG) and gastric emptying (GE) in children with functional dyspepsia (FD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 51 children with FD and 25 healthy children as control were enrolled into this study. Polygraph ID 4-channel EGG analysis system was used for EGG recording and gastric emptying of solids was studied by using a standardized egg meal labeled with (99m)Technetium sulfur colloid for each subject.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the control group, the percentage of normal slow wave (N%) in the FD group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Children with FD had higher rates of abnormal EGG, in which 32 cases showed mixed dysrhythmia preprandial and postprandial recordings (62.7%). (2) The two groups had significant difference in ratio of the percentage of preprandial dominant power (DP) to postprandial DP (P < 0.05), it showed that the postprandial DP of the FD group did not increase. (3) The postprandial dominant power instability coefficient (DPIC) as well as preprandial DPIC and dominant frequency instability coefficient (DFIC) in the FD group were increased. The coupling of the slow wave of preprandial and postprandial EGG in the FD group (26.95 +/- 13.69, 26.93 +/- 12.63 respectively) significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group (69.02 +/- 5.15, 70.18 +/- 4.68, P < 0.01). (4) The rate of delayed gastric emptying in the FD group was 23.5%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the delayed gastric emptying and the coupling of the slow wave (partial regression coefficient = -0.513, -0.296 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with FD had more abnormal findings in EGG than the control group did, and there was a significant negative correlation between the delayed gastric emptying and the coupled response of the slow wave. The abnormal gastric electrical activity may have certain significance in pathogenesis of FD.</p>